Identification of maize inbreds for hybridization using agro-morphological traits and SSR markers through clustering and population structure analysis.

backgroundAssessing the diversity among germplasm is essential to identify superior parents for hybridization programs. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the genetic diversity among 100 maize germplasm using 13 quantitative traits and 30 SSR markers. METHODS AND

resultsThe traits studied including plant ear placement, tassel length, leaf width, ear length, and kernels per row exhibited higher to moderate heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean, suggesting potential for genetic gain. Quantitative traits were statistically analyzed for variation contribution, association among the traits and grouping of germplasm. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed the first three components accounted for 64% of the total variation with tassel length, plant height and leaf width were contributing highly to the variation. The most diverse genotypes identified in clusters II and IV are recommended for use in breeding programs. One hundred and thirty-six alleles were found with an overall mean of 4.6 alleles per locus. The markers umc1227, phi32175, bmc1144, and phi213984 had high Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) values indicating these primers were more informative. Population structure analysis identified two distinct subpopulations, confirming substantial genetic diversity.

conclusionsThe integration of morphological and molecular diversity analysis highlighted the inbreds VIM 157, VIM 158 and VIM 584, VIM 585 which were present in distant clusters as potential parents for hybridization program to exploit heterosis. The study underscores the significance of combining morphological and molecular approaches to understand the genetic architecture of maize germplasm.