Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41995984›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2026

Multi-View Analysis of Facial Expressions in Minimally Verbal Autism: Preliminary Evidence From Social Communication Observations.

Lu Qu, Tongxin Yin, Jiabei Zeng, Yuqi Zhang, Xuling Han, Min Liu, Fei Chang, Yujian Yuan, Shiguang Shan, Hang Zhao and 1 more

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Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Lu Qu *Child Health Care Medical Division, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Ludinglu,Putuo, Shanghai, 200062, China. qulu@shchildren.com.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-3662
Tongxin Yin *Shanghai Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Jiabei ZengInstitute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100001, China.
Yuqi ZhangShanghai Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Xuling HanInnovation Laboratory for Special Education and Rehabilitation, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Min LiuShanghai Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Fei ChangInstitute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100001, China.
Yujian YuanInstitute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100001, China.
Shiguang ShanInstitute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100001, China.
Hang ZhaoInnovation Laboratory for Special Education and Rehabilitation, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
Qiaoyun LiuInnovation Laboratory for Special Education and Rehabilitation, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China. qyliu@spe.ecnu.edu.cn.

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2023M731103Science Foundation of The Shanghai Education Commission: Major Program 2023SKZD07
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMinimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face profound challenges in social-emotional communication, but objective methods to quantify their facial expression patterns remain limited. This study applied an automated multi-view facial expression recognition (mFER) approach to examine the frequency, synchrony, and social directedness of facial expressions in minimally verbal children with ASD.

methodsFifty-two children aged 3–6 years participated: 18 with ASD, 17 with global developmental delay (GDD), and 17 typically developing (TD) peers. Children engaged in the Smart Observation for Social Communication (SOSC), a series of semi-structured, interaction-based activities adapted from the ADOS-2. Four synchronized cameras captured facial expressions, which were analyzed using a multi-view computer vision analysis.

resultsCompared with TD peers, the ASD group showed a higher probability of Neutral and Sad expressions and a lower probability of Happiness. These group differences were context-specific, with reduced positive affect during playful interactive activities (e.g., Peekaboo) and increased Sadness during task-based activities (e.g., Puzzle). Children with ASD showed lower facial expression synchrony with the examiner and fewer socially directed expressions. Facial expression features were significantly associated with standardized measures of adaptive functioning and autism symptom severity.

conclusionIntegrating the Smart Observation for Social Communication system with multi-view facial expression analysis revealed that children with ASD exhibit context-specific increases in neutral and sad facial expression alongside reduced happiness, synchrony, and socially directed expressions. These clinically valuable features correlated significantly with standardized diagnostic scores, demonstrating the framework’s potential for objective diagnostic complement and outcome monitoring in minimally verbal autism.

Indexed as

Autism; Facial expressionComputer visionMinimally verbal autism

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.