Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41995952›Full record

ArticleVeterinary research communications2026

Virulence determinants and multidrug resistance of emerging Salmonella enterica subspecies salamae in broiler chickens: a potential zoonotic concern.

Iman Shaheed, Ahmed Samir, Elshaimaa Ismael, Ahmed Orabi, Sabah Ali, Basma Mohamed, Hazem Darwish, Fatma Abdel-Kader, Hala Zaher

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Article in Veterinary research communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Iman ShaheedDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Ahmed SamirDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Elshaimaa IsmaelDepartment of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Ahmed OrabiDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Sabah AliDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Basma MohamedDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Hazem DarwishTechnical and Marketing Manager, MSD Animal Health, Cairo, Egypt.
Fatma Abdel-KaderDepartment of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Hala ZaherDepartment of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. drhalazaher@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Salmonella is a relevant zoonotic food-borne pathogen worldwide. Consequently, a significant amount of research has been focused on Salmonella enterica serovars over a substantial period of time. By far, investigating non-enterica subspecies in food-producing animals is an overlooked issue. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence determinants of emerging Salmonella subspecies in broiler chickens in Egypt. Overall, salmonellae were identified in 19 out of 240 broiler chickens. This study revealed an unexpected distribution of serovars, with S. enterica subsp. salamae being identified in 31.6% of broilers, trailing behind S. Enteritidis (63.2%) and followed by S. Infantis (5.3%). Multidrug resistance accounted for 73.7% of the isolates, with four isolates of S. enterica subsp. salamae exhibiting a multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) greater than 0.2. A total of 19 antibiotic resistance and 7 virulence genes were investigated among 19 Salmonella isolates, showing varying frequencies. All six S. enterica subsp. salamae strains carried tetA, int1, and blaTEM, as well as six virulence genes (stn, spiA, sopB, ompF, ompA, and pefA), with spvB detected in five. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis of the Salmonella enterotoxin (stn) gene from two S. enterica subsp. salamae isolates revealed genetic similarities to isolates identified in wild birds and humans, highlighting their zoonotic potential. These outcomes shed light on the emerging MDR and virulent S. enterica subsp. salamae, which have raised a potential public health threat and necessitate strict monitoring and surveillance of non-enterica subspecies in the poultry sector.

Indexed as

ChickensDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialPoultry DiseasesSalmonellaSalmonella entericaSalmonella Infections, AnimalAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsEgyptPrevalenceVirulenceVirulence FactorsZoonosesAnti-Bacterial AgentsVirulence FactorsMultidrug resistanceSalmonella entericaVirulence, BroilersZoonoses

Identifiers

PMID41995952
PMCPMC13090236

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.