ArticleArchives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery2026
Tendon gel using the film model method promotes ligament healing in rabbits.
Article in Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTendon gel is a translucent gel-like material secreted from the ends of a severed tendon. When mechanical stress is applied to a 3-day in vivo-preserved tendon gel, it matures into type I collagen–dominant tissue similar to normal tendon. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of transplanting a 3-day in vivo-preserved tendon gel into a knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury site in rabbits to promote intrinsic ligament regeneration. MATERIALS AND
methodsTendon gel was prepared from rabbit Achilles tendons using the film model method and harvested after 3 days of in vivo preservation. The 3-day tendon gel was transplanted into the knee MCL injury sites in another set of rabbits (n = 48). Additionally, the healing process was assessed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively using mechanical and histological analyses. Ultimate load, peak stress, and elastic modulus were measured. Histological maturity was semi-quantitatively scored, and collagen type I and III expressions were examined by immunofluorescence staining.
resultsAt 2 weeks, the tendon gel group demonstrated significantly higher ultimate load than the control group (12.25 ± 4.90 vs. 5.25 ± 2.40 N; p = 0.02). The tendon gel group had greater peak stress than the control group (3.54 ± 1.44 vs. 1.69 ± 0.78 MPa; p = 0.02). Histological scores were higher in the tendon gel group than in the control group (7.25 ± 0.43 vs. 5.50 ± 1.73; p = 0.03). Cells in the tendon gel group were aligned parallel to collagen fibers with elongated nuclei, while type I collagen expression was stronger than that observed in controls.
conclusionsTransplanting a 3-day in vivo-preserved tendon gel into an injured ligament enhanced mechanical strength and histological maturation at 2 weeks postoperatively. These findings suggest that this tendon gel serves as a promising biomaterial for accelerating ligament healing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.