Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41995577›Full record

ArticleClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2026

Combinatorial Delivery of Low-Dose Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy to Patients with Immune-Excluded Tumors Enhances CD8+ T-cell Functionality.

Maria Ochoa-de-Olza, Nicolas Rayroux, Martina Imbimbo, Angela Orcurto, Noémie Fahr, Fabrizio Benedetti, Julien Dagher, Giulia Spagnol, David Barras, Eleonora Ghisoni and 24 more

Abstract readClinical Trial, Phase I
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

34 authors.

Maria Ochoa-de-Olza *Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-2445-6892
Nicolas Rayroux *Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8411-2621
Martina ImbimboImmuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2521-7540
Angela OrcurtoImmuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0000-5630-5944
Noémie FahrDepartment of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-4623-7869
Fabrizio BenedettiDepartment of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9959-9142
Julien DagherInstitute of Pathology, Unit of Translational Onco-pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3864-5149
Giulia SpagnolDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Women and Children, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3525-0571
David BarrasDepartment of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8985-4704
Eleonora GhisoniDepartment of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0007-1135-2377
Blanca NavarroImmuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9306-2432
Arthur MulveyImmuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0000-0283-3047
Dominik BertholdMedical Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-1552-6617
Apostolos SarivalasisMedical Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-3153-297X
Khalil ZamanMedical Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-2997-527X
Athina StravodimouMedical Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9608-985X
Antonia DigkliaMedical Oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7189-3035
Rafael DuranDepartment of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2610-9517
Clarisse DromainDepartment of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-2999-1958
John O PriorDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1429-1374
Niklaus SchaeferDepartment of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-9732-7696
Stefan ZimmermannImmuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0009-0002-9613-171X
Michel ObeidService of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne Center for Immuno-Oncology Toxicities LCIT, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-2095-2677
Nikos ChalkidisScientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens, Greece.ORCID 0009-0006-9304-9242
Tsourti ZoiScientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-3680-2553
Bettina BisigInstitute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-6840-375X
Lionel TruebImmuno-oncology Service, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-2803-2448
Doga C GulhanDepartment of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-5419-0549
Christine SempouxInstitute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1375-3979
Urania DafniScientific Research Consulting Hellas, Statistics Center, Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-4367-4497
Stephanie TissotDepartment of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3080-4598
George CoukosDepartment of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8813-7367
Fernanda G HerreraAgora Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-7984-0472
Denarda Dangaj LanitiDepartment of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-5659-6427

Funding

Biltema Foundation (BF)Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS)Cancera FoundationFondation ISREC (ISREC Stiftung)Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR) MCCI project)Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research (LICR) Myeloid Cells in Cancer InitiativePaul Matson FoundationProstate Cancer Foundation (PCF) Challenge Award (18CHAL08Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica (SEOM)U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) W81XWH2210703 Award OC210038
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeImmune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) has demonstrated efficacy across tumor types. However, "cold" tumors characterized by low intraepithelial T-cell infiltration exhibit poor responsiveness. We investigated whether low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) could enhance ICB efficacy in patients with multimetastatic immune-excluded solid tumors. PATIENTS AND

methodsWe conducted a multicohort phase I clinical trial (RACIN) involving 25 patients treated with escalating doses of LDRT in combination with a backbone regimen of nivolumab, ipilimumab, aspirin, or celecoxib and low-dose cyclophosphamide. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability; secondary endpoints included disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival, and overall survival. Exploratory endpoint analyses used paired pre- and post-LDRT tumor biopsies for single-cell profiling of the tumor microenvironment (TME).

resultsThe combination therapy showed a manageable safety profile, with grade ≥3 adverse events in 12% to 21% of patients. The overall DCR was 42%, with one patient with ovarian cancer maintaining a complete response at 3 years. In responders, enhanced CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) functionality was associated with increased DNA damage response signatures and the presence of PD-1+CD8+ TILs at baseline. In contrast, nonresponders exhibited heightened immune regulatory innate lymphocytes such as CD8 Mucosal-Associated Invariant T (MAIT) and regulatory natural killer (NK) cells at baseline, accompanied by a lack of immunostimulatory myeloid cells in the TME and increased TIL radiosensitivity after LDRT.

conclusionsThese findings suggest that LDRT combined with ICB is safe and may contribute to immunomodulatory activity in immune-excluded tumors. CD8+ TIL dynamics, DNA repair responsiveness, and TME composition may predict response and merit further validation in controlled larger studies.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesImmunotherapyNeoplasmsAdultAgedCombined Modality TherapyFemaleHumansLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMaleMiddle AgedRadiotherapy DosageTumor Microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41995577
PMCPMC13376888

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.