ArticleHealth science reports2026
A Cross-Sectional Study on the Role of Biochemical Markers in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment: Comparison of Urban and Rural Populations in Pakistan.
Article in Health science reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background and Aims: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with a growing prevalence in developing countries such as Pakistan due to urbanization and lifestyle changes. This study aimed to compare biochemical markers and associated cardiovascular risk factors between urban and rural populations in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 participants aged 30-65 years, equally divided between urban ( Results: Urban participants had significantly higher levels of TC, LDL, TG, and hs-CRP, and lower HDL compared with rural participants ( Conclusion: Urban populations in Pakistan exhibit a higher cardiovascular risk profile, characterized by unfavorable biochemical markers, increased obesity, and unhealthy lifestyle patterns. These findings highlight the adverse impact of urbanization on cardiovascular health and underscore the need for targeted public health strategies and lifestyle interventions, particularly in urban settings, to reduce the burden of CVDs in the country.
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