ReviewFrontiers in global women's health2026
Breast self-examination prevalence and determinants in low- and middle-income countries: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Review in Frontiers in global women's health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a dual burden of infectious and chronic diseases, including breast cancer. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a vital tool for early detection, improving outcomes, and reducing mortality. Assessing its prevalence and determinants in LMICs is crucial for enhancing early diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar using PICO criteria to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses on breast self-examination in Low- and middle-income countries. Methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR tool. A random-effects meta-analysis pooled estimates, with heterogeneity ( Results: This umbrella review included 10 studies (110,622 participants). The pooled BSE prevalence was 32.15% (confidence interval: 22.61-40.75), with high heterogeneity ( Conclusion: The prevalence of breast self-examination (BSE) in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains relatively low at 32.15%. Key factors influencing BSE practice include knowledge, attitudes, and family history of breast cancer. To enhance BSE practice, targeted strategies such as public awareness campaigns, training for healthcare providers, and incorporating family history assessments are essential. Additionally, strengthening research and policy initiatives can help address existing gaps in awareness, promote early detection, and improve breast cancer outcomes in low and middle-income countries. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42023491634.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.