Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41994318›Full record

ArticleVirus evolution2026

Anthropozoonotic spillovers reveal sustained long-term cryptic circulation of SARS-CoV-2 within and between Lithuanian mink farms.

Martynas Smičius, Ingrida Olendraitė, Jonas Bačelis, Aistis Šimaitis, Miglė Gabrielaitė, Bas B Oude Munnink, Reina S Sikkema, Arūnas Stankevičius, Žygimantas Janeliūnas, Paulius Bušauskas and 30 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Virus evolution, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

40 authors.

Martynas SmičiusInstitute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, LT- 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9742-6661
Ingrida OlendraitėHematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariškiu st. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-2233
Jonas BačelisState Data Agency of Lithuania, Gedimino Ave. 29, LT-01500, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Aistis ŠimaitisThe Office of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, Gedimino Ave. 11, LT-01103, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Miglė GabrielaitėInstitute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, LT- 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Bas B Oude MunninkErasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-1189
Reina S SikkemaErasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Arūnas StankevičiusDepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės st. 18, LT-47181, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Žygimantas JaneliūnasNational Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, J. Kairiūkščio st. 10, LT-08409, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Paulius BušauskasState Food and Veterinary Service of Lithuania, Konstitucijos Ave. 23b, LT-08106, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Egidijus PumputisNational Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, J. Kairiūkščio st. 10, LT-08409, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Simona PilevičienėNational Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, J. Kairiūkščio st. 10, LT-08409, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Petras MačiulskisNational Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, J. Kairiūkščio st. 10, LT-08409, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Marius MasiulisState Food and Veterinary Service of Lithuania, Konstitucijos Ave. 23b, LT-08106, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Vidmantas PaulauskasNational Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, J. Kairiūkščio st. 10, LT-08409, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Snieguolė ŠčeponavičienėNational Food and Veterinary Risk Assessment Institute, J. Kairiūkščio st. 10, LT-08409, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Monika KatėnaitėHematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariškiu st. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Rimvydas NorvilasHematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariškiu st. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Ligita RaugienėHematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariškiu st. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Rimvydas JonikasDepartment of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Eivenių st. 2, LT-5016, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Inga NasvytienėDepartment of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Eivenių st. 2, LT-5016, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Živilė ŽemeckienėDepartment of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Eivenių st. 2, LT-5016, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Kamilė TamušauskaitėInstitute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus st. 9, LT-44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Milda NorkienėInstitute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, LT- 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Emilija VasiliūnaitėInstitute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, LT- 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Danguolė ŽiogienėInstitute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, LT- 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Albertas TiminskasInstitute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, LT- 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Marius ŠukysDepartment of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Eivenių st. 2, LT-5016, Kaunas, Lithuania.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2432-0223
Mantas ŠarauskasDepartment of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Eivenių st. 2, LT-5016, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Dovilė JuozapaitėHematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariškiu st. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Daniel NaumovasHematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariškiu st. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Arnoldas PautieniusInstitute of Microbiology and Virology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus st. 9, LT-44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Astra VitkauskienėDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus st. 9, LT-44307, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Rasa UgenskienėDepartment of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Eivenių st. 2, LT-5016, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Alma GedvilaitėInstitute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, LT- 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Darius ČereškevičiusDepartment of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, Eivenių st. 2, LT-5016, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Laimonas GriškevičiusHematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Santariškiu st. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Marion KoopmansErasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5204-2312
Alvydas MalakauskasDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės st. 18, LT-47181, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Gytis DudasInstitute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, LT- 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-4158

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Several studies have documented reverse zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2, including in farmed mink which are susceptible to human respiratory viruses and are known for serving as a reservoir capable of generating new virus variants in densely populated farms. Here, we present the genomic investigation launched in response to detection of human infections with mink-origin SARS-CoV-2 lineages, and show evidence of at least 14 high-confidence introductions of SARS-CoV-2 from humans into farmed mink in Lithuania where sustained transmission in farmed mink lasted up to a year. We estimated the most likely timeframes for these introductions encompassing at least six SARS-CoV-2 lineages, some of which were already extinct in humans, with Bayesian phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses. This study highlights the public health risks posed by fur farms and underscores that passive genomic surveillance systems are ineffective without the active involvement and expertise of responsible institutions.

Indexed as

genomic epidemiologyminkOne HealthSARS-CoV-2zoonosis

Identifiers

PMID41994318
PMCPMC13082393

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.