Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41994288›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026

Humoral immunity and infection status of PLWH following vaccination after the BA.5/BF.7 wave.

Yuchen Xie, Xuedong Song, Li Yang, Lijing Wang, Huixia Gao, Lixuan Zhang, Yuxin Feng, Ying Chen, Huimin Yan, Fumin Feng and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Yuchen Xie *School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
Xuedong Song *Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Li Yang *Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Lijing WangHebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Huixia GaoHebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Lixuan ZhangHebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Yuxin FengHebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Ying ChenJingmen Central Hospital, Jingmen, China.
Huimin YanHebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Fumin FengHebei Coordinated Innovation Center of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
Erhei DaiHebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Yuling Wang *Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Aidong Feng *Hebei Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism of Major Infectious Diseases and New Technology of Diagnosis and Treatment, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: To ensure adequate preparedness of immunocompromised populations for future pandemic waves, it is crucial to assess the humoral immune response of people living with HIV (PLWH) to existing vaccination strategies and major Omicron sublineages following BA.5/BF.7 breakthrough infection (BTI). Methods: This study enrolled 232 PLWH who had received either the CoronaVac/BBIBP-CorV or ZF2001 vaccine and experienced the BA.5/BF.7 wave in China between January and April 2023. Serum samples from each individual were collected approximately 1-6 months after the last exposure. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against D614G, BA.5, and XBB.1.5 were detected using a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay. Meanwhile, an Enterprise WeChat link was created to allow PLWH to self-report severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and clinical symptoms associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Results: The Omicron BA.5/BF.7 BTI rate among PLWH was 76.7%. The most commonly reported symptoms were fever, fatigue, and muscle ache. PLWH who experienced BA.5/BF.7 BTI after three doses of inactivated vaccines showed elevated levels of total antibodies, IgG, and NAb titers against D614G and BA.5. In contrast, those who experienced BTI after three doses of ZF2001 vaccines showed the highest NAb titers against D614G and BA.5. However, the neutralizing capacity of antibodies against XBB.1.5 was significantly reduced in both study cohorts. PLWH who had CD4 lymphocyte counts greater than 500 cells/μL demonstrated higher NAb titers against all tested variants and reported a lower incidence of symptoms. Conclusion: Hybrid immunity resulting from vaccination and BA.5/BF.7 BTI enhances humoral immune responses in PLWH, which may contribute to improved protection against COVID-19. However, this hybrid immunity offers limited protection against Omicron variant XBB.1.5. Regular monitoring of immune responses to new vaccines targeting emerging variants is crucial for optimizing COVID-19 prevention strategies in PLWH.

Indexed as

breakthrough infectionhumoral immunepeople living with HIV (PLWH)SARS-CoV-2vaccination

Identifiers

PMID41994288
PMCPMC13079649

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.