Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41994210›Full record

ArticleResuscitation plus2026

Acceptability and effectiveness of training elementary and secondary students in gamified CPR and AED use in three Canadian provinces.

Katherine S Allan, Holly McCulloch, Kim Ruether, Jeanine Zotzman, Ian E Blanchard, Michael Janczyszyn, Natalie Wong, Emma O'Neil, John Sapp, Santokh Dhillon

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Resuscitation plus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Katherine S AllanDivision of Cardiology, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Holly McCullochDivision of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health, Canada.
Kim RuetherDiagnostic Imaging and EMS, Alberta Health Services, Fairview, Alberta, Canada.
Jeanine ZotzmanDepartment of EMS Science and Research, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Ian E BlanchardDepartment of EMS Science and Research, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Michael JanczyszynEmergency Health Services, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Natalie WongDivision of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Emma O'NeilPostgraduate Medical Education, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
John SappDepartment of Medicine, Dalhousie University and QEII Health Sciences Centre, Canada.
Santokh DhillonDivision of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: There are multiple models to train school students to provide effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and apply automatic external defibrillator (AED). However, few have assessed gamified, video-based training to teach school children. This national project aimed to assess the acceptability and effectiveness of a video-based, gamified educational program (CardiacCrash™), to teach students in classroom setting, how to respond to a cardiac arrest. Methods: This interrupted time series study assessed students' acceptability of the program, their perceived confidence in responding to cardiac arrest and their effectiveness at performing CPR. Paper-based surveys administered before and after the educational sessions. CPR performance (rate, depth) for students was measured quantitatively using Laerdal Resusci Anne QCPR manikins. Results: A total of 1958 students from 21 schools in three Canadian provinces participated between October 2023 and June 2024 (average age of 13 ± 2.4 years). About 49.7% (969) were male and 54.8% were secondary school students. About 42.3% had prior CPR training. Students reported: the program was easy to understand (83.5%), fun (90.2%), the right length (72.0%), and they would recommend to friends (88.9%). The self-confidence of all school students increased significantly in all outcome measures post-training, particularly in those without prior CPR training. All students achieved appropriate CPR depth and rate, as per guidelines; however, secondary students were significantly better at providing effective compressions compared to elementary students. Conclusion: A novel, gamified, video-based, educational program is acceptable to school-aged children and appears effective at teaching them CPR and AED usage.

Indexed as

CPRGamificationSchoolchildrenSudden cardiac arrestTraining

Identifiers

PMID41994210
PMCPMC13080639

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.