Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41994126›Full record

ArticleResearch square2026

Extended difficulties after psychedelic experiences: Prevalence and associations in a global, multilingual sample.

Oliver C Robinson, David Luke, Jules Evans, Jacob S Aday, Matthew Johnson, Stephanie Lake, Daniel Kruger, Kevin F Boehnke, Philippe Lucas

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in Research square, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Oliver C RobinsonRegen's University London.
David LukeUniversity of Greenwich.
Jules EvansChallenging Psychedelic Experiences Project.
Jacob S AdayUniversity of Michigan-Ann Arbor.
Matthew JohnsonJohns Hopkins University.
Stephanie LakeUniversity of California, Los Angeles.
Daniel KrugerUniversity at Buffalo, State University of New York.
Kevin F BoehnkeUniversity of Michigan-Ann Arbor.
Philippe LucasUniversity of Michigan-Ann Arbor.

Funding

TRAINING OF ARTHRITIS RESEARCH SCIENTISTST32AR007080 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Jason Knight · 1986 to 2026
$6.3M
5-HT2A Agonist Psilocybin in the Treatment of Tobacco Use DisorderU01DA052174 · NIDA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI JOHNSON, MATTHEW WAYNE · 2021 to 2024
$4.0M
University of Michigan HEAL PAIN Cohort ProgramT90DE034663 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Daniel J Clauw, Kelley McLain Kidwell · 2024 to 2026
$1.1M
NIAMS NIH HHS T32 AR007080NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA052174NIDCR NIH HHS T90 DE034663
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As psychedelic use increases and integrates with mainstream medicine, understanding the prevalence and nature of postpsychedelic adverse outcomes is critical. We investigated extended difficulties after psychedelic use via the Global Psychedelic Survey (GPS) 2025, which is a multilingual online survey of people who have used psychedelics. Data on the prevalence, characteristics, and associations of retrospectively reported extended difficulties was gained from N = 6,476 participants. The most common difficulties reported were existential struggle (36.6%), depression (34%), and derealization (29.4%). Existential struggle was rated as the most severe difficulty, but also the one contributing most to healing. Overall, 48.3% of participants reported one or more difficulties lasting 24 hours or more, and 9.9% experienced difficulties for over a year. Clinically relevant disruptive difficulties (defined as leasting at least a month that caused disruption to daily life) were reported by 8% of the sample and were associated with younger age at the time of survey and at first psychedelic use, lower income, lack of family support, lower emotional stability/conscientiousness/agreeableness, higher pre-existing anxiety/depression, and using psychedelics to treat mental health conditions. The results underscore the necessity for evidence-based education on the potential risks and benefits of psychedelics, robust safety guidelines in clinical psychedelic interventions, and additional services for those experiencing post-psychedelic extended difficulties.

Indexed as

adverse reactionchallenging experiencesextended difficultiesGlobal Psychedelic Surveypsychedelics

Identifiers

PMID41994126
PMCPMC13082146

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.