SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Redefining standards: a comprehensive systematic review of practice changing advances in GU oncology from ASCO and ESMO 2025.
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immunotherapy in urological cancers: new paradigms and a systematic review of clinical trials and real-world evidence.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The year 2025 has been a transformative moment in GU oncology, with paradigm-shifting clinical trial results presented at major conferences and rapidly published. These developments are recasting therapeutic standards across bladder, kidney, prostate, penile, and testicular cancers through novel mechanisms and refined personalization. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify, synthesize, and critically evaluate pivotal phase II and III randomized controlled trials presented at ASCO/ESMO 2025 or published in 2025, focusing on innovative therapeutic strategies across GU malignancies. Methods: Conducted per PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the review involved exhaustive searches of conference proceedings, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Embase (January-December 2025). Included studies were phase II and III RCTs in GU oncology reporting overall or progression-free survival for novel therapies. Study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool were performed. Results: Forty studies met inclusion criteria: bladder cancer (13), kidney cancer (9), prostate cancer (16), testicular cancer (1), and penile cancer (1). Key advances include: (1) In bladder cancer, perioperative durvalumab (NIAGARA) and enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-905/EV-303) set new standards, while HER2-targeted disitamab vedotin plus toripalimab (RC48-C016) improved metastatic survival. Upfront MRI staging (BladderPath) and kidney-sparing approaches (DISTINCT-I) advanced. (2) In kidney cancer, adjuvant durvalumab (RAMPART) and transcriptomic-guided therapy (OPTIC RCC) were established. LenCabo compared post-immunotherapy regimens, and FRUSICA-2 introduced a novel VEGF-TKI/IO combination. (3) In prostate cancer, enzalutamide plus leuprolide improved survival in high-risk biochemical recurrence (EMBARK). Capivasertib plus abiraterone benefited PTEN-deficient metastatic hormone-sensitive disease (CAPItello-281). The PSMAddition trial demonstrated that adding [ Conclusion: The 2025 evidence establishes multiple new standards of care across GU cancers, emphasizing biomarker-driven strategies, immunotherapy integration, novel resistance mechanisms, and treatment optimization. This synthesis provides an evidence-based framework for updating guidelines and highlights the move toward more personalized management, while noting persistent challenges and future research needs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.