ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Management of hematogenous osteomyelitis in children in Douala, Cameroon: diagnostic challenges, complications, and perspectives for improvement.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Pediatric hematogenous osteomyelitis remains a major cause of morbidity in low-resource settings. In Douala, Cameroon, delayed diagnosis and comorbid conditions contribute to severe disease and unfavorable outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of children aged 0-15 years diagnosed with hematogenous osteomyelitis in five referral hospitals in Douala between January 2017 and December 2024. Sociodemographic, clinical, microbiological, therapeutic, and outcome data were collected. Univariate analysis was performed using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and variables with Results: Among 306 pediatric osteoarticular infections, 102 were osteomyelitis and 81 met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 6.88 ± 3.98 years, with male predominance (sex ratio 1.79). Consultation was delayed beyond three months in 48.1% of cases. Blood cultures were positive in 21.6%, while focal cultures were positive in 71.1%, with Conclusion: Pediatric hematogenous osteomyelitis in Douala remains frequent and severe. Delayed consultation and sickle cell disease are major determinants of poor prognosis. Early diagnosis, strengthened microbiological capacity, and multidisciplinary management are essential to improve outcomes.
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