Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41993834›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026

Asking for help: the development of a simulation-based mental health application to enhance depression literacy, mental health communication, and help-seeking among Black autistic youth.

Ed-Dee G Williams, Fatima Vakil, Oluwatobi Abubakare, Angelina Latin, Lauren Ware, David Nelson, Matthew J Smith

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ed-Dee G WilliamsSchool of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States.
Fatima VakilSchool of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States.
Oluwatobi AbubakareDepartment of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States.
Angelina LatinSchool of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States.
Lauren WareSchool of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States.
David NelsonDepartment of Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States.
Matthew J SmithSchool of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.

Funding

Asking For Help: Evaluating the Efficacy of a Simulation-Based Mental Health Application for Autistic YouthR21MD020267 · NIMHD · BOSTON COLLEGE · PI WILLIAMS, ED-DEE GREEN · 2025 to 2025
$440k
NIMHD NIH HHS R21 MD020267
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Black autistic youth experience disproportionately high rates of depression and face intersecting barriers such as racial discrimination, stigma, and limited access to care, yet few interventions address their needs. This study introduces Asking for Help (A4H), a culturally responsive, simulation-based intervention designed to improve depression literacy and help-seeking skills through an e-learning module and interactive conversation practice. Guided by mental health literacy theory, the Theory of Help-Seeking Behavior, the Theory of Planned Behavior, and Disability Critical Theory, A4H was developed using community-engaged and user-centered design principles. Usability testing employed a mixed-methods design with 32 participants (12 youth, 10 caregivers, 8 specialists) using the System Usability Scale (SUS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and semi-structured interviews. Black autistic youth reported moderate depressive symptoms (mean PHQ-9 = 14.7) and rated usability slightly below benchmark (mean SUS = 66.2), while caregivers and specialists scored higher (73.5 and 71.0). Qualitative feedback highlighted cultural relevance and immediate feedback as strengths, with recommendations for simplified language, improved navigation, and multimodal supports; emotional safety and trust were critical for engagement. No short-term symptom change was observed, consistent with the formative design. Findings indicate A4H is feasible and culturally responsive but requires refinements before efficacy testing to assess impacts on literacy, help-seeking intentions, and communication skills.

Indexed as

autismBlack/African Americandepressionhelp-seekingmental health interventionmental health literacy (MHL)

Identifiers

PMID41993834
PMCPMC13079573

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.