ArticleTheranostics2026
Dual-ligand curcin-loaded hybrid solid lipid nanoparticles achieve durable gliosarcoma remission while preserving neuro-behavioral function.
Article in Theranostics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rationale: Gliosarcoma (GSM) is a rare, highly invasive glioblastoma subtype with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. We report the first dual-ligand hybrid solid lipid nanoparticle (HSLN) system for blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and targeted delivery of curcin, a type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP), to orthotopic GSM. Methods: HSLNs (~150-200 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) < 0.3, zeta potential (ζ) ≈ -8 mV) were co-functionalized with transferrin and RGD peptides at optimized 4:6 ratios to enhance BBB transcytosis and tumor uptake. Physicochemical, cytotoxicity, and docking studies assessed curcin stability, bioactivity, and multi-receptor interactions. In vivo biodistribution, proteomics, and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated in BALB/c-nu and ICR-nu orthotopic GSM models, with neurobehavioral assessments for functional preservation. Results: Intravenous curcin-loaded dual-ligand HSLNs achieved complete tumor regression in 60% of BALB/c-nu and 90% of ICR-nu mice, extending median survival from 14 to 38 days in BALB/c-nu mice and resulting in median survival not reached in an independent ICR-nu cohort. Neurobehavioral function was preserved during treatment. Biodistribution and proteomic analyses confirmed efficient BBB penetration, tumor-selective accumulation, and suppression of VEGFA/C, MMP-9, PDGFB, and SERPINE1. Molecular docking revealed strong binding of curcin to GSM-associated receptors (EGFR, EphA2, mGluR6, and IL-13Rα2). Conclusions: Stoichiometry-optimized dual-ligand HSLNs enable targeted, BBB-penetrant delivery of curcin, achieving durable GSM remission with functional preservation. This theranostic-ready platform combines therapeutic potency with tumor specificity, offering a promising strategy for ribosome-inactivating protein delivery in GSM and other CNS malignancies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.