Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41993558›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

The Microglia Forebrain Assembloid Model Recapitulates Human Brain Development and Neuroimmune Biology.

Zeinab Tashi, Kaila Gemenes, Santiago Ochoa, Mauri Spendlove, Mischa Ellison, Rose Graf, Madeline G Andrews, Benjamin B Bartelle

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zeinab TashiArizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering. Tempe Arizona, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2515-1270
Kaila GemenesArizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering. Tempe Arizona, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3286-4340
Santiago OchoaArizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering. Tempe Arizona, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-8172-1553
Mauri SpendloveArizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering. Tempe Arizona, USA.ORCID 0009-0008-5707-1607
Mischa EllisonArizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering. Tempe Arizona, USA.
Rose GrafArizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering. Tempe Arizona, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3504-5191
Madeline G AndrewsArizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering. Tempe Arizona, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5154-5081
Benjamin B BartelleArizona State University, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering. Tempe Arizona, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5044-369X

Funding

Bioengineering Tools to Resolve and Manipulate Neuroimmune SignalingDP2MH136493 · NIMH · ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS · PI Benjamin B Bartelle · 2023 to 2026
$2.3M
Engineering a human neuroimmune specific viral vector from Zika virusR21EB034970 · NIBIB · ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS · PI BARTELLE, BENJAMIN B · 2023 to 2025
$590k
NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB034970NIMH NIH HHS DP2 MH136493
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microglia are innate immune cells of the CNS whose dysfunction contributes to inflammation and metabolic changes across neurodegenerative and CNS disorders. Across all stages of life, microglia are essential for immune surveillance, neural homeostasis, and synaptic pruning; however, their role in neurodevelopment is less understood. Microglia invade the brain during early neurogenesis, prior to neuronal/glial differentiation, but their potential role at this stage remains undescribed. To model neuroimmune interactions during human cortical development, we created an "assembloid" of human ESC-derived forebrain organoids combined with developmentally matched microglia during cortex formation. Functional contributions of microglia were compared to control organoids using histology and metabolomics.

Identifiers

PMID41993558
PMCPMC13082034

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.