Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41993338›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Lung adventitial fibroblasts support type 2 Tregs to shape the response to influenza infection.

Anthony A Chang, Joanna Balcerek, Sofia E Caryotakis, Kennedi B Pyper, Peri Matatia, Elina B Wells, Tatsuya Tsukui, Nathan A Ewing-Crystal, Eric Dean Merrill, Nick M Mroz and 7 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Anthony A ChangBiomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-6901-3278
Joanna BalcerekDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Sofia E CaryotakisBiomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kennedi B PyperDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Peri MatatiaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Elina B WellsDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Tatsuya TsukuiLung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3100-6934
Nathan A Ewing-CrystalBiomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2486-1783
Eric Dean MerrillDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nick M MrozBiomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Madelene W DahlgrenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Kelly M CautivoDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Marcela T TaruselliDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Hiromi Nakao-InoueDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5418-0973
Anna V MolofskyNeurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4709-2411
Dean SheppardLung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Ari B MolofskyBiomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

Research BaseP30DK063720 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GERMAN, MICHAEL S · 2003 to 2019
$21.8M
Restorative practice in repairing harm and promoting safe and inclusive practices in the laboratory.T32GM136547 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Adrian Erlebacher, Anita Sil · 2020 to 2026
$4.5M
Fibroblast heterogeneity in pulmonary fibrosisR01HL142568 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI SHEPPARD, DEAN · 2020 to 2023
$2.9M
Localization and function of tissue type 2 lymphocytes during mixed inflammationR01AI162806 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Ari B Molofsky · 2022 to 2026
$2.8M
Meningeal type 2 immunity in cortical synapse remodeling during brain development and injuryR01NS126765 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Anna V Molofsky, Ari B Molofsky · 2022 to 2026
$2.3M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL142568NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI162806NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK063720NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM136547NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS126765
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Viral pneumonias are lung infections that lead to both short- and long-term complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis. Lung stromal-immune interactions balance pathogen clearance with excessive immune-mediated injury, and healthy lung repair with necessary scarring. Here, we define the lung spatiotemporal stromal-immune response to Influenza A virus (IAV) infection, focusing on the underappreciated role of fibroblasts and their dynamic states. We used 3D quantitative microscopy and scRNAseq to identify IAV-driven fibroblast states, including inflammatory fibroblasts, profibrotic fibroblasts, and adventitial fibroblasts (AFs). Unexpectedly, loss of fibroblast TGFβ signaling led to early enhancement of immunomodulatory AFs, driving activation of tissue-resident type 2 regulatory T cells (T2-Tregs) and ultimately improving lung functional outcomes. In vitro co-culture systems additionally revealed that AFs act as a niche to support T2-Tregs. Our data suggest an intimate fibroblast-immune crosstalk is required to temporally and spatially balance lung tissue inflammation and repair.

Identifiers

PMID41993338
PMCPMC13082111

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.