Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41993212›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026

Robust CD8

Kexin Li, Xiaoya Li, Cong Zhang, Suli Dai, Lei Li, Jun Wang, Hongtao Zhang, Lianmei Zhao

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Kexin LiResearch Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Precise Diagnosis & Treatment in Hebei Province, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Xiaoya LiResearch Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Precise Diagnosis & Treatment in Hebei Province, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Cong ZhangResearch Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Precise Diagnosis & Treatment in Hebei Province, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Suli DaiResearch Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Precise Diagnosis & Treatment in Hebei Province, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Lei LiResearch Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Precise Diagnosis & Treatment in Hebei Province, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Jun WangDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Hongtao ZhangResearch Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Precise Diagnosis & Treatment in Hebei Province, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Lianmei ZhaoResearch Center, The Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Precise Diagnosis & Treatment in Hebei Province, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: HER2-positive cancers present challenges of drug resistance, toxicity, and immune tolerance. HER2-targeted peptide vaccines have failed clinically, while nucleoside-modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) vaccines show promise for robust antitumor immunity. This study utilized heterologous immunity (rat HER2 extracellular domain, rHER2 ECD) to circumvent HER2 tolerance, developing a safe mRNA-LNP vaccine and exploring its synergy with anti-PD-1 therapy. Methods: We synthesized N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1ψ)-modified mRNAs, encoding either rHER2 ECD alone (rHER2 ECD mRNA-LNP) or rHER2 ECD fused to murine IFNγ (rHER2 ECD-IFNγ mRNA-LNP), and then encapsulated them in LNPs via microfluidic mixing. BALB/c mice were immunized on days 1, 15, 29, then challenged with HER2-overexpressing 4T1 (4T1-HER2) cells 2 weeks post-final immunization. Efficacy was assessed by tumor growth, immune responses via flow cytometry, ELISA, ELISpot and cytotoxicity assays, safety via body/organ weight and serum markers. Results: HER2 ECD mRNA-LNPs exhibited >80% encapsulation efficiency and narrow particle size distribution. As monotherapy, rHER2 ECD mRNA-LNPs induced high anti-HER2 antibody titers, polyfunctional CD8 Conclusion: The rHER2 ECD mRNA-LNP effectively circumvents HER2-specific immune tolerance. As a potent and safe platform, it induces robust coordinated humoral and cellular immunity and significantly enhances checkpoint blockade efficacy via the enrichment of T

Indexed as

Cancer VaccinesCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesRNA, MessengerAnimalsCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansInterferon-gammaLipidsLiposomesMiceMice, Inbred BALB CNanoparticlesNanovaccinesRatsCancer VaccinesErb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine KinasesInterferon-gammaLipid NanoparticlesLipidsLiposomesNanovaccinesRNA, Messengerbreast cancerHER2immunotherapylipid nanoparticle (LNP)mRNA vaccine

Identifiers

PMID41993212
PMCPMC13079660

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.