ArticleNeuroscience of consciousness2026
Intrinsic units: identifying a system's causal grain.
Article in Neuroscience of consciousness, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intrinsic Cause-Effect Power: The Tradeoff Between Differentiation and Specification.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Why does time feel the way it does? Toward a principled account of temporal experience.iScience · 2025Article
- Consilience in Causation: Causal Emergence Is Found Across Measures of Causation.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integrated Information Theory and the Phenomenal Binding Problem: Challenges and Solutions in a Dynamic Framework.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Does neural computation feel like something?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Decrease and recovery of integrated information Φ during anesthesia and sleep on human functional magnetic resonance imaging.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Integrated information theory (IIT) aims to account for the quality and quantity of consciousness in physical terms. According to IIT, a substrate of consciousness must be a system of units (e.g. synapses, neurons, minicolumns, etc.) that is a maximum of intrinsic, specific, unitary cause-effect power, quantified by integrated information ([Formula: see text]). The grain of each unit must be the one-from micro (finer) to macro (coarser)-that maximizes the system's integrated information. Here we provide a framework for computing the integrated information of systems whose constituents include macro units, and in doing so provide the means to identify a system's
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.