Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41992525›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology2026

Measurement bias for age, sex, and years of education in selected RDoC tasks.

Emily T Sturm, Anastasia G Sares, Raana M Manavi, Maiele E Minzie, Jazmin M Diaz, Andrea Mendez-Colmenares, John R Duffy, Jason R Tregellas, Don C Rojas, Jared W Young and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Emily T SturmDepartment of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Anastasia G SaresDepartment of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Raana M ManaviDepartment of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Maiele E MinzieDepartment of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Jazmin M DiazDepartment of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Andrea Mendez-ColmenaresDepartment of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
John R DuffyDepartment of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Jason R TregellasDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Don C RojasDepartment of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Jared W YoungDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Michael L ThomasDepartment of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3026-7609

Funding

An Adaptive Testing Platform for Optimizing RDoC Experimental Cognitive MeasuresR01MH121546 · NIMH · COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI THOMAS, MICHAEL L · 2020 to 2024
$2.6M
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH121546
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMeasurement bias - systematic errors that lead to inaccuracies in assessing latent constructs - threatens to invalidate analysis and interpretation of ourcome scores collected in the context of clinical trials, longtiudinal research, and other types of neurocognitive studies; however, there has been little effort to examine this issue in tasks recommended by the National Institute of Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) for neuropsychological research.

methodWe aimed to evaluate measurement bias for sex, age, years of education, educational discouragement, underrepresented racial/ethnic identity, and household income in seven RDoC-recommended tasks. We recruited a sample of 320 individuals balanced for race, age, sex, and income. All participants completed a demographic survey and battery of neurocognitive tasks. We used Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes models to assess bias related to these factors.

resultsEvidence of negative bias associated with older age was found for the Continuous Performance Task (CPT), and evidence of positive bias with older age was found for the Flanker task. Evidence of positive bias associated with sex, favoring women, was found for the Self-Ordered Pointing Task (SOPT). Additionally, evidence of negative bias associated with years of education was found for the CPT. No evidence of bias was found for the Sternberg task, Probabilistic Learning Task, or Effort-Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT). Overall, we did not find evidence of bias related to income, race, or educational discouragement.

conclusionsCertain tasks in this battery may be biased due to age, sex, and education, suggesting that researchers should be cautious when using these particular tasks as part of a battery in neuropsychological research with diverse populations.

Indexed as

Educational StatusNeuropsychological TestsAdultAgedAge FactorsBiasFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedYoung Adultcognitive controlMeasurement biaspositive valenceRDoCworking memory

Identifiers

PMID41992525
PMCPMC13160564

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.