ArticleBehavioral and brain functions : BBF2026
How time pressure disrupts inhibitory control: neural dissociations between interference and response inhibition.
Article in Behavioral and brain functions : BBF, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn modern fast-paced societies, subjective time pressure has become a common psychological stressor that may impair inhibitory control, a core component of executive function. Inhibitory control consists of two subprocesses—interference control and response inhibition—yet how time pressure differentially affects these processes and their neural mechanisms remains insufficiently understood.
methodsThis study manipulated subjective time pressure and employed the Flanker task (interference control) and the Go/NoGo task (response inhibition) to examine behavioral performance, event-related potentials (ERPs), and time–frequency oscillations. Forty healthy adults completed both time-pressure and no time pressure conditions. ERP analyses focused on the P1, N1, P2, N2, and P3 components, while time–frequency analyses were performed both across the full frequency range (3–30 Hz) and within specific frequency bands (θ and β), using cluster-based permutation tests.
resultsBehaviorally, time pressure reduced accuracy, especially in incongruent Flanker trials and NoGo trials, while accelerating overall reaction times. ERP results showed enhanced N2 and P3 amplitudes in the Flanker task. In the Go/NoGo task, time pressure led to reduced P2, but increased N2 and P3. Time–frequency analysis revealed higher theta power during early control and increased beta power during later inhibition under time pressure.
conclusionTaken together, the behavioral, ERP, and oscillatory findings suggest that subjective time pressure is associated with alterations in inhibitory control, with distinct patterns observed for interference control and response inhibition. Specifically, interference control under time pressure was characterized by enhanced late-stage neural activity without corresponding oscillatory changes, whereas response inhibition was accompanied by modulations in both early and late neural processes, involving enhanced N2 and P3 components as well as increased θ and β band activity. These findings suggest that time pressure may affect interference control and response inhibition through partially distinct neurocognitive mechanisms, rather than a single unified pathway.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.