Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41992283›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2026

Antimicrobial resistance and physician prescribing of antibiotics in Alberta: a qualitative exploration.

Nicole Kain, Iryna Hurava, Fizza Gilani, Karen Smilski, Homeira Hamayeli-Mehrabani, Nancy Hernandez-Ceron, Nigel Ashworth, Cliff Lindeman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Nicole KainResearch and Evaluation Unit, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-5841
Iryna HuravaResearch and Evaluation Unit, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta, Alberta, Canada. Iryna.Hurava@cpsa.ab.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6671-022X
Fizza GilaniAccreditation, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
Karen SmilskiPrescribing, Analytics & Tracked Prescription Program, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
Homeira Hamayeli-MehrabaniResearch and Evaluation Unit, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
Nancy Hernandez-CeronResearch and Evaluation Unit, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
Nigel AshworthResearch and Evaluation Unit, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
Cliff LindemanPrescribing, Analytics & Tracked Prescription Program, College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is acknowledged by the World Health Organization as a top-ten danger to public health. In Canada, AMR accounted for over 12,900 deaths in 2019. Alarmingly, 80% of oral antibiotic prescriptions in Alberta, Canada are issued by physicians, with nearly 40% considered inappropriate. The College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta (CPSA) aims to address this with ‘MD Snapshot-Prescribing’, an interactive tool providing information on physicians’ prescribing. This study explores Alberta physicians’ views on antibiotic prescribing, AMR, and antimicrobial stewardship; and assesses the MD Snapshot’s impact on physician prescribing practices.

methodsThis study employed focus group interviews with a purposive sample of physicians registered in Alberta. Virtual focus group sessions were conducted via ZOOM between May to June 2023. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and subjected to thematic content analysis to extract meaningful insights.

resultsWe conducted seven focus groups involving 21 physicians, revealing three major themes: physicians’ knowledge about AMR and stewardship; antibiotic prescribing practices; and insights from MD Snapshot-Prescribing. The study unveiled significant variability in antibiotic prescribing practices among physicians, influenced by factors including patient demographics, practice settings, and encountered health issues. MD Snapshot-Prescribing emerged as a valuable educational and self-reflection tool, informed a reduction in unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions and promoted evidence-based practices.

conclusionsThe study found that targeted interventions by regulators can positively influence prescribing practices and produced recommendations for the CPSA to enhance future iterations of MD Snapshot-Prescribing by presenting antibiotic prescribing data by diagnosis, prescribers, practice settings, panel size, and specialty group. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsAntimicrobial StewardshipDrug Resistance, MicrobialPractice Patterns, Physicians'AlbertaDrug Resistance, BacterialFemaleFocus GroupsHumansInappropriate PrescribingMaleQualitative ResearchAnti-Bacterial AgentsAlberta physiciansAntibiotic prescribingAntimicrobial resistanceAntimicrobial stewardship interventionsMD Snapshot-Prescribing reportMedical regulators

Identifiers

PMID41992283
PMCPMC13202752

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.