ArticleRespiratory research2026
Increasing propellant gas emissions from pressurized metered-dose inhalers in obstructive lung diseases in France over 11 years.
Article in Respiratory research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionManagement of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases involves the use of inhaled therapies, including pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) that contain hydrofluoroalkane (HFA). These propellant gases contribute to greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) due to their infrared radiation absorption capacity, resulting in a high Global Warming Potential, far higher than carbon dioxide (CO
methodsData were extracted from the French Health System Open Medic Database, covering 2014 to 2024. Gas quantities were obtained from the French Theriaque Database and, when unavailable, from pharmaceutical companies. Emissions were expressed as CO
resultsOver the past decade, 500 million inhalers were dispensed, pressurized metered-dose inhalers representing 44% of them. Gas quantity data was available for 83% of the units. Over the 11-year period, total emissions reached 4.5 million MtCO DISCUSSION: This exhaustive national study shows that pressurized metered-dose inhalers emitted more than 4,5 MtCO
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