SynthesisBMC musculoskeletal disorders2026
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves stability and function in chronic ankle instability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundChronic ankle instability (CAI) commonly develops following lateral ankle sprains and is associated with recurrent sprains, persistent pain, and neuromuscular deficits. While neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has shown promising results in enhancing muscle strength and neuromuscular control, its specific effects on CAI remain insufficiently investigated.
methodA comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating NMES interventions in individuals with CAI. Studies were included if they reported outcomes related to instability, balance (both static and dynamic), and functional recovery. Pooled data were analyzed using weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences (SMDs), with heterogeneity assessed using the I² statistic.
resultsSeven RCTs involving 248 participants were included in the analysis. NMES significantly improved self-reported instability (WMD = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.21 to 3.14; p < 0.01), static balance (WMD = − 1.43; 95% CI: − 2.80 to − 0.06; p = 0.04), dynamic balance (SMD = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.40 to 1.06; p < 0.01), and functional recovery (SMD = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.80; p = 0.04) compared to control groups.
conclusionsNMES shows promise as an adjunctive therapy for CAI. However, given the observed heterogeneity and methodological limitations, current evidence warrants cautious interpretation. Further rigorous, sham-controlled trials are essential to validate long-term efficacy.
trial registrationPROSPERO (CRD420251101522).
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