Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41991929›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Longitudinal evaluation of neurocognitive outcomes in a cohort with persistent post-COVID olfactory dysfunction.

Tiana M Saak, Jeremy P Tervo, Patricia T Jacobson, Brandon J Vilarello, Francesco F Caruana, Liam W Gallagher, Joseph B Gary, David A Gudis, Jeffrey N Motter, Terry E Goldberg and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Tiana M SaakVagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. tms2211@cumc.columbia.edu.
Jeremy P TervoDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Patricia T JacobsonDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Brandon J VilarelloDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Francesco F CaruanaDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Liam W GallagherDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Joseph B GaryDepartment of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
David A GudisVagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Jeffrey N MotterVagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Terry E GoldbergVagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Davangere P DevanandVagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Jonathan B OverdevestVagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. jo2566@cumc.columbia.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Persistent COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction (C19OD), along with other neurologic and cognitive deficits are common features of long COVID. This study aims to evaluate longitudinal trends in neurocognitive performance within a cohort with C19OD. In individuals with perceived C19OD we performed serial psychophysical olfactory and neurocognitive assessments at baseline and follow-up one year later. At baseline evaluation, individuals with C19OD were found to have diminished cognitive functioning compared to normosmic counterparts across several domains, including attention, executive functioning, language, learning and memory, and psychomotor speed. At subsequent one-year follow-up assessment, C19OD participants demonstrated cognitive recovery, with performance comparable to normosmic counterparts. These findings suggest that early associations between C19OD and certain neurocognitive domains may dissipate upon repeated longitudinal evaluation, with partial resolution of cognitive deficits despite persistent C19OD.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionCOVID-19Olfaction DisordersAdultCognitionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMemoryMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeSARS-CoV-2Brain fogLong COVIDMemoryNeurocognitionOlfactory dysfunction

Identifiers

PMID41991929
PMCPMC13087304

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.