Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41991678›Full record

ArticleParasitology research2026

Genetic diversity and co-circulation of tick-borne pathogens in Haemaphysalis spp. from Pakistan.

Bushra Javed, Muhammad Numan, Palwasha Alam, Hameed Ul Haq, Haroon Ahmed, Iram Liaqat, Mashal M Almutairi, Alanoud T Aljasham, Abid Ali

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Article in Parasitology research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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1 citing paper in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Bushra JavedDepartment of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Muhammad NumanDepartment of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Palwasha AlamDepartment of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Hameed Ul HaqDepartment of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Haroon AhmedDepartment of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Iram LiaqatDepartment of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Mashal M AlmutairiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Alanoud T AljashamDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Aaljasham@ksu.edu.sa.
Abid AliDepartment of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. uop_ali@yahoo.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Haemaphysalis is the second largest genus of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae), both in terms of diversity and global distribution. Despite their wide occurrence, genetic information on this genus remains scarce. This study investigated the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and associated pathogens of Haemaphysalis ticks infesting small ruminants across northern Pakistan. A total of 613 ticks were collected from 95 infested goats and sheep. Four species were identified based on morphological and molecular analyses, including Haemaphysalis (Ha.) cornupunctata, Ha. danieli, Ha. montgomeryi, and a distinct Haemaphysalis sp. closely related to Ha. sulcata. Species identification was confirmed using mitochondrial 16 S rDNA and cox1 markers. Molecular confirmation of unidentified Haemaphysalis sp. was detected across multiple districts of northern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, indicating close relation to Ha. sulcata. Pathogen screening revealed Rickettsia hoogstraalii (gltA and ompB) in Haemaphysalis sp. and Ha. danieli, Theileria sinensis-like (18 S rDNA) in Ha. montgomeryi and Ha. danieli, and Anaplasma bovis (16 S rDNA) in Ha. cornupunctata and Ha. montgomeryi. This study provides the first molecular evidence of T. sinensis-like in Ha. montgomeryi and Ha. danieli, R. hoogstraalii in Ha. danieli and Haemaphysalis sp., and A. bovis in Ha. cornupunctata and Ha. montgomeryi from Pakistan. Phylogenetic analyses supported species-level relationships and revealed substantial genetic divergence within Haemaphysalis. These findings highlight the importance of locality-based molecular surveillance for resolving cryptic diversity and improving understanding of tick–pathogen associations in mountainous regions of Pakistan.

Indexed as

Genetic VariationIxodidaeTheileriaAnaplasmaAnimalsCluster AnalysisDNA, BacterialDNA, RibosomalElectron Transport Complex IVGoat DiseasesGoatsPakistanPhylogenyRickettsiaRNA, Ribosomal, 16SRNA, Ribosomal, 18SDNA, BacterialDNA, RibosomalElectron Transport Complex IVRNA, Ribosomal, 16SRNA, Ribosomal, 18SAnaplasma bovisHaemaphysalis spp.PakistanRickettsia hoogstraaliiTheileria sinensis-like

Identifiers

PMID41991678
PMCPMC13212628

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