Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41991571›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Investigating behavioral intentions toward DeepSeek adoption using a moderated-mediation analysis with PLS-SEM and fsQCA.

Han Gao, Jai Kumar, Joti Kumari, Jinyan Huang, Dheeraj Kumar

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Han Gao *Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China.
Jai Kumar *Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China. mrjaykumarr@gmail.com.
Joti KumariSichuan University, Chengdu, China. jotikumarilohano12345@gmail.com.
Jinyan HuangJiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
Dheeraj KumarGeorgia State University, Atlanta, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the growing integration of AI in education, students often lack awareness of specialized tools, which limits their adoption and effective use. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this study aimed to investigate behavioral intentions toward DeepSeek adoption among university students. The conceptual framework of the research combines key factors from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). A survey using a five-point Likert scale was administered to students from Pakistani universities. The study’s findings show that DeepSeek awareness has a significant impact on DeepSeek adoption, which is moderated by perceived ease of use and mediated by facilitating conditions, social influence, and performance expectancy. fsQCA further reveals configurations of factors that jointly lead to high adoption, highlighting multiple pathways rather than single causal effects. This study intends to benefit companies, academic institutions, and the global community by providing insight into how students perceive the DeepSeek services in an educational setting. The study contributes theoretically by integrating awareness into the UTAUT framework and applying fsQCA, providing a novel perspective on AI adoption in education. Finally, the conclusions of this study will help AI developers improve their product and service delivery, as well as regulators manage the usage of AI-powered bots.

Indexed as

Adoption of DeepSeekArtificial intelligenceDeepSeekDeepSeek awarenessPerceived ease of use

Identifiers

PMID41991571
PMCPMC13260826

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.