Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41991550›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Atomistic characterization of the maturation mechanisms in the HIV-1 capsid domain.

Caroline Cannistra, Ethan Wang, Elizabeth M Y Lee, Alvin Yu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Voltage-sensor conformational microenvironments encode isoform-selective ion channel activation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Caroline Cannistra *Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-8207
Ethan Wang *Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-4406-5538
Elizabeth M Y LeeDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. elizabeth.lee@uci.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9143-3140
Alvin YuDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. alviny6@uci.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-7661

Funding

Translational Immunology CoreU19AI181968 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI SEMLER, BERT L · 2024 to 2024
$33.1M
Mentor Training to enhance mentorship in an interdisciplinary training programT32GM136624 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Arthur D Lander, Qing Nie · 2020 to 2026
$3.1M
Theory and SImulation of Viral ReplicationR00AI167034 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI YU, ALVIN · 2023 to 2024
$498k
NIAID NIH HHS R00 AI167034NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM136624U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) R00AI167034U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) U19AI181968U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) T32GM136624
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

During HIV-1 maturation, capsid proteins (CA) are proteolytically cleaved from the immature Gag lattice and undergo conformational transitions in which the amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal domains rearrange into mature conformations prior to assembling into fullerene complexes. Little is known, however, of the structural transitions and energetic principles governing this transformation. Here, we reveal the dynamical mechanisms of CA maturation using all-atom and enhanced sampling simulations. Free energy calculations demonstrate that immature CA is intrinsically unstable as a monomer and rapidly converts into a mature form that is consistent with x-ray crystallographic and cryo-electron microscopy structures. Analysis of the minimum free energy pathway indicates that conformational change in CA proceeds through stepwise, ratcheting transitions, and we identify a metastable intermediate distinct from the immature and mature endpoints. Energy decomposition analysis uncovers the interdomain residue-residue interactions, particularly charged contacts, that stabilize the mature state. These results reveal the interactions and molecular mechanisms that drive the conformational changes required for HIV-1 capsid domain maturation.

Indexed as

CapsidCapsid ProteinsHIV-1Cryoelectron MicroscopyCrystallography, X-Raygag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency VirusModels, MolecularMolecular Dynamics SimulationProtein ConformationProtein DomainsThermodynamicsCapsid Proteinsgag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Identifiers

PMID41991550
PMCPMC13265795

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.