Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41991507›Full record

ArticleSignal transduction and targeted therapy2026

Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment with antibody against membrane-proximal AXL to overcome immune checkpoint blockade resistance.

Zuming Yang, Shuaishuai Cao, Jiaen Zhang, Xiaohua Nie, Zhimin Wang, Shaojun Yang, Jingshu Wang, Xin Sun, Xueli Kuang, Huiming Huang and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Zuming Yang *State Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Shuaishuai Cao *Center for Cancer Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Jiaen ZhangDepartment of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Xiaohua NieState Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Zhimin WangState Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Shaojun YangState Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Jingshu WangState Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Xin SunCenter for Cancer Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Xueli KuangCenter for Cancer Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Huiming HuangCenter for Cancer Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Zifan WeiState Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Pengfei DuanCenter for Cancer Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Mingwan TangCenter for Cancer Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Liyu ZhangSenior Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
Zhenhua RenChangping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
Xun LanCenter for Cancer Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Yang-Xin FuCenter for Cancer Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. yangxinfu@tsinghua.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8441-6617
Liguo ZhangState Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. liguozhang@ibp.ac.cn.
Xuyuan ZhangState Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. zxy_better@ibp.ac.cn.
Yong LiangCenter for Cancer Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. yongliang@tsinghua.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82250710684
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune-cold tumors fail to respond to immunotherapy due to insufficient lymphocyte infiltration within the tumor tissue. Increasing the objective response rate remains an urgent challenge. Here, we report the development of a monoclonal antibody (6C5) that specifically targets the membrane-proximal epitope of the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL and modulates antitumor immunity. Unlike traditional membrane-distal AXL antibodies, which suppress tumor growth primarily by blocking AXL signaling, 6C5 significantly enhanced innate immune sensing by promoting macrophage-mediated antigen uptake and type I interferon production. These effects further activated dendritic cells and increased CD8

Indexed as

Antibodies, MonoclonalImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsNeoplasmsProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesTumor MicroenvironmentAnimalsAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseCell Line, TumorDendritic CellsHumansMiceAntibodies, MonoclonalAXL protein, humanAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Identifiers

PMID41991507
PMCPMC13087251

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.