Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41990280›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2026

Possibilities and Limitations for Conducting Wastewater and Environmental Surveillance in Refugee Camps Worldwide.

Brandie Banner Shackelford, David Berendes, Thomas Handzel, Ryan Schweitzer, Jennifer Murphy, Petros Chigwechokha, Annie Chauma, Rochelle H Holm

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Brandie Banner ShackelfordBrandie Banner Shackelford is with the Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David Berendes and Jennifer Murphy are with the Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta. Thomas Handzel and Ryan Schweitzer are with the Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, CDC. Petros Chigwechokha is with the Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe. Annie Chauma is with the Public Health Institute of Malawi, Lilongwe. Rochelle H. Holm is with the Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY.ORCID 0009-0000-8438-3237
David BerendesBrandie Banner Shackelford is with the Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David Berendes and Jennifer Murphy are with the Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta. Thomas Handzel and Ryan Schweitzer are with the Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, CDC. Petros Chigwechokha is with the Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe. Annie Chauma is with the Public Health Institute of Malawi, Lilongwe. Rochelle H. Holm is with the Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY.ORCID 0000-0002-8303-9298
Thomas HandzelBrandie Banner Shackelford is with the Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David Berendes and Jennifer Murphy are with the Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta. Thomas Handzel and Ryan Schweitzer are with the Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, CDC. Petros Chigwechokha is with the Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe. Annie Chauma is with the Public Health Institute of Malawi, Lilongwe. Rochelle H. Holm is with the Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY.
Ryan SchweitzerBrandie Banner Shackelford is with the Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David Berendes and Jennifer Murphy are with the Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta. Thomas Handzel and Ryan Schweitzer are with the Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, CDC. Petros Chigwechokha is with the Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe. Annie Chauma is with the Public Health Institute of Malawi, Lilongwe. Rochelle H. Holm is with the Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY.
Jennifer MurphyBrandie Banner Shackelford is with the Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David Berendes and Jennifer Murphy are with the Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta. Thomas Handzel and Ryan Schweitzer are with the Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, CDC. Petros Chigwechokha is with the Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe. Annie Chauma is with the Public Health Institute of Malawi, Lilongwe. Rochelle H. Holm is with the Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY.
Petros ChigwechokhaBrandie Banner Shackelford is with the Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David Berendes and Jennifer Murphy are with the Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta. Thomas Handzel and Ryan Schweitzer are with the Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, CDC. Petros Chigwechokha is with the Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe. Annie Chauma is with the Public Health Institute of Malawi, Lilongwe. Rochelle H. Holm is with the Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY.
Annie ChaumaBrandie Banner Shackelford is with the Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David Berendes and Jennifer Murphy are with the Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta. Thomas Handzel and Ryan Schweitzer are with the Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, CDC. Petros Chigwechokha is with the Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe. Annie Chauma is with the Public Health Institute of Malawi, Lilongwe. Rochelle H. Holm is with the Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY.
Rochelle H HolmBrandie Banner Shackelford is with the Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. David Berendes and Jennifer Murphy are with the Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta. Thomas Handzel and Ryan Schweitzer are with the Division of Global Health Protection, Global Health Center, CDC. Petros Chigwechokha is with the Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe. Annie Chauma is with the Public Health Institute of Malawi, Lilongwe. Rochelle H. Holm is with the Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY.ORCID 0000-0001-8849-1390

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Worldwide, most refugees and asylum seekers are hosted in low- and middle-income countries, often with insufficient resources for public health surveillance. Refugees and asylum seekers living in camps may be particularly susceptible to infectious diseases because of the overcrowding and inadequate environmental health conditions inherent in camps. We propose that broader implementation of wastewater and environmental surveillance provides possibilities to support the health of refugees, asylum seekers, and the communities that host them by enhancing infectious disease surveillance. Key considerations include overcoming operational challenges, avoiding additional stigma, ensuring governance structures are regularly updated, and ceasing surveillance if data are weaponized or actionable data are not produced. (

Indexed as

Environmental MonitoringPopulation SurveillanceRefugee CampsRefugeesWastewaterGlobal HealthHumansWastewater

Identifiers

PMID41990280
PMCPMC13231378

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.