ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026
Molten iron at extreme conditions reveals compositional inhomogeneity in Earth's lower outer core.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The thermodynamic properties of molten iron under Earth's outer core conditions are fundamental to understanding the core's structure, composition, and dynamics. However, experimental constraints under such extreme conditions remain scarce. Shock compression experiments can provide a viable means of reproducing the relevant thermodynamic regime of the outer core. Here, we report precise shock temperature measurements of molten iron up to ~364 GPa, approaching pressures at the core's center. By integrating these results with existing measurements of density and sound velocity in shock-compressed iron, we determine the thermal equation of state and compressional wave velocity (
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