ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026
Enhanced Human Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses Using In Vitro 3D Tonsil Cultures Containing Stromal Cells.
Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are specialized sites within secondary lymphoid organs where B cells expand, are selected, and mature to produce high-quality antibodies. Their structural complexity makes them difficult to model in vitro. Here, we developed a human 3D lymphoid culture system combining lymphoid and stromal cells to better mimic GC environments than conventional 2D cultures. Tonsil cells were cultured with or without fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) in 2D or 3D hydrogels and stimulated with viral antigens or vaccines. FRC-supported 3D cultures significantly improved B and T cell survival and promoted reaggregation into follicle-like structures with. 3D FRC-supported co-cultures higher levels of antigen-specific antibodies, increased frequencies of S- or HA-specific B cells, and enhanced differentiation into antibody-secreting cells. Importantly, these cultures also showed reduced cell death and lower bystander activation and CXCR4 and CXCR5 expression on CD27
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