Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41988242›Full record

ArticleRevista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia2026

Genital hiatus area and pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms in transgender women after gender-affirming surgery.

Marina Hazin, Andrea Lemos, Rogerson Andrade, Letícia Gantzel, Leila Barbosa, Caroline Wanderley Souto Ferreira

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In one paragraph

Article in Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Marina HazinUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco Laboratory of Women's Health and Pelvic Floor Department of Physiotherapy RecifePE Brazil Laboratory of Women's Health and Pelvic Floor, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1340-9852
Andrea LemosUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco Laboratory of Women's Health and Pelvic Floor Department of Physiotherapy RecifePE Brazil Laboratory of Women's Health and Pelvic Floor, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0631-0512
Rogerson AndradeUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco RecifePE Brazil Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8330-6045
Letícia GantzelUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco Laboratory of Women's Health and Pelvic Floor Department of Physiotherapy RecifePE Brazil Laboratory of Women's Health and Pelvic Floor, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6093-3927
Leila BarbosaUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco Laboratory of Women's Health and Pelvic Floor Department of Physiotherapy RecifePE Brazil Laboratory of Women's Health and Pelvic Floor, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2105-5049
Caroline Wanderley Souto FerreiraUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco Laboratory of Women's Health and Pelvic Floor Department of Physiotherapy RecifePE Brazil Laboratory of Women's Health and Pelvic Floor, Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2736-5918

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To describe genital hiatus area, pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function, pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms and sexual function characteristics of transgender women submitted to gender-affirming surgery. Methods: Six participants were included in this case series conducted in a referral hospital which treats transgender individuals in Brazil. An individual assessment was performed with sociodemographic variables, clinical symptoms, PFM function, neovaginal depth and genital distances. Two and three-dimensional translabial ultrasound were used to measure hiatal dimensions. The results were shown with absolute and relative frequencies, mean and standard deviation. Results: The genital hiatus area had an average of 11.09 (SD 3.49) cm² at rest and 14.36 (SD 3.00) cm² during the Valsalva maneuver. The mean distances of clitoris-vagina, genital hiatus and perineal body were 9.30 (SD 1.57) cm, 6.60 (SD 1.43) cm and 4.00 (SD 1.90) cm, respectively. The mean vaginal depth was 9.50 (SD 3.51) cm. Most volunteers had satisfactory PFM strength and tone. Transgender women reported an increase in daytime urinary frequency (100%), nocturia (83.3%), sensation of incomplete evacuation (66.7%), straining during defecation (50%), flatal incontinence (16.6%), dyspareunia (50%) and anodyspareunia (16.6%). There were no reports of urinary or fecal incontinence, vaginal bulging, perineal pain or dysuria. Conclusion: This is the first study reporting genital hiatus area by translabial ultrasound in transgender women. Adequate levator hiatal area and neovaginal depth were found, preserved PFM tone and strength, preserved urinary and fecal continence, increased daytime urinary frequency, nocturia, sensation of incomplete evacuation, dyspareunia during vaginal sex and moderate vaginal sexual satisfaction.

Indexed as

Gender-Affirming SurgeryGenitalia, FemalePelvic Floor DisordersPostoperative ComplicationsTransgender PersonsAdultFemaleHumansMalePelvic FloorVaginaGender-affirming surgeryGender dysphoriaPelvic floorPelvic floor disordersTransgender persons

Identifiers

PMID41988242
PMCPMC13078517

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.