ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Distinct immune activation patterns in adult-onset Still's disease with fungal infections.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Fungal infections are uncommon but potentially life-threatening complications in adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). The immunological features of AOSD patients with fungal infections remain poorly defined, and this study aimed to characterize immune activation profiles in this population. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 277 patients diagnosed with AOSD, among whom 35 (12.6%) developed fungal infections. Clinical features and immunological parameters, including neutrophil CD64 (nCD64), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), activated T cells, and serum cytokine profiles, were compared between patients with and without fungal infections. Results: Compared to non-infected AOSD patients, those with fungal infections had a higher frequency of splenomegaly (60.0% vs. 33.5%, p = 0.0024), pulmonary infiltrates (57.1% vs. 20.2%, p < 0.001), and pericarditis (42.9% vs. 20.7%, p = 0.0038). Immunologically, the infection group showed significantly elevated levels of nCD64 (45.39 vs. 11.16, p < 0.05) and enhanced CD8 Conclusions: AOSD patients with fungal infections exhibit distinct immune activation patterns involving neutrophils and CD8
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