ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
The mechanism of PKM2/HIF-1α axis polarizing TAMs by upregulating glucose-serine metabolism to promote melanoma progression.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote melanoma progression through polarization, however, whether glucose-serine metabolism regulates TAMs polarization and the specific regulatory mechanism remain unclear. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the infiltration of M2-type TAMs in melanoma tumor tissues; bioinformatics analysis was employed to identify HIF-1α, a key gene regulating glucose metabolism and polarization of TAMs; Results: M2-type TAMs were highly enriched in melanoma tumor tissues and closely associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Single-cell sequencing data of melanoma suggested that HIF-1α is a key gene regulating glucose metabolism and polarization in TAMs. Conclusions: Our study reveals that the PKM2/HIF-1α axis upregulates glucose-serine metabolism to induce M2 polarization of TAMs and drive melanoma progression. Targeting this metabolic axis thus holds promise as a novel therapeutic strategy for melanoma patients.
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