ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
Predictive value of dipstick urinalysis for detecting pyelonephritis in children aged 0-12 months.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and objectives: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common serious bacterial infections during the first year of life. Symptoms of UTI in young children are non-specific, making diagnosis challenging. Method: We conducted a retrospective single-center study over a period of 5 years. Urine samples collected by suprapubic aspiration, clean catch, or bladder catheterization in children aged 0-12 months presenting to the emergency department with fever without focus and suspected UTI during this period were reviewed from the laboratory archives. We divided our population into two groups of 0-3 and 4-12 months. Data on dipstick urinalysis were collected, with urine culture as the reference standard. Statistical analysis-including sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, likelihood ratio, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value-was performed for the following dipstick urinalysis parameters: leucocyte esterase alone, nitrites alone, leucocyte esterase and nitrites, leucocyte esterase and/or nitrites. Results: Statistical analysis showed that in the 0-3-month group, specificity was 94% for leucocyte esterase (LE) and 99% for nitrites (Nit). Sensitivity was 60% for LE and 25% for nitrites. PPV was 87% for LE and 96% for nitrites. In the 4-12-month group, specificity was 91% for LE and 98% for nitrites. Sensitivity was 71% for LE and 25% for nitrites. PPV was 82% for LE and 87% for nitrites. Combined analysis of leucocyte esterase and/or nitrites and leucocyte esterase and nitrites showed no improvement in performance. Conclusion: Dipstick analysis is a reliable bedside test for ruling in UTI in children under 12 months, particularly in the presence of positive nitrites for children less than 3 months of age. Urine culture remains necessary for diagnostic confirmation. Article summary: This study adds to the diagnostic performance of dipstick urinalysis in infants and neonates, with a specificity of 92%-99% and positive predictive value of 82%-96%.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.