Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41988101›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry2026

From chat to change: a neuroinclusive framework for cognitive empowerment and daily living skills in autism.

Anna Meduri, Chiara Marraffa, Gaia Roccaforte, Chiara Failla, Germana Doria, Ileana Scarcella, Paola Chilà, Roberta Minutoli, Giovanni Pioggia, Flavia Marino

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Anna MeduriInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy.
Chiara MarraffaInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy.
Gaia RoccaforteInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy.
Chiara FaillaInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy.
Germana DoriaInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy.
Ileana ScarcellaInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy.
Paola ChilàInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy.
Roberta MinutoliInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy.
Giovanni PioggiaInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy.
Flavia MarinoInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Messina, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Conversational technologies are increasingly investigated as supportive tools for autistic individuals; however, existing approaches remain largely application-driven and conceptually fragmented, with limited integration between conversational design and the cognitive foundations of daily living skills. To date, no unified framework explicitly conceptualizes chatbot-based interaction as a structured environment supporting functional autonomy in autism. This Perspective article introduces the Neuroinclusive Conversational Framework (NCF), a theoretical model that reframes chatbots as cognitive scaffolds designed to support everyday functioning in addition to social simulation. Drawing on cognitive psychology, executive functioning research, mediated learning theory, and neuroinclusive design principles, the NCF conceptualizes conversational interaction as a structured learning environment capable of supporting planning, sequencing, task initiation, and self-monitoring within daily routines. The framework is articulated along three interrelated dimensions-cognitive-functional, structural-adaptive, and contextual-ecological-each addressing mechanisms relevant to cognitive accessibility, adaptability, and ecological transfer. By synthesizing evidence across diverse conversational technologies and identifying recurring design principles such as predictability, low social pressure, and adaptive structure, the NCF provides a coherent lens for interpreting existing systems and guiding future design. The article further discusses emerging directions, including biofeedback-informed adaptivity, perceptually accessible interface design, and context-sensitive interaction, emphasizing the importance of ecological validity and integration with human guidance. Overall, the NCF offers a theoretical foundation to support systematic research and development of conversational technologies aimed at strengthening daily living skills and functional autonomy in autistic individuals.

Indexed as

adaptive learningautism spectrum disorder (ASD)biofeedbackchatbotcognitive empowermentdaily living skillsneuroinclusive design

Identifiers

PMID41988101
PMCPMC13076484

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.