ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2026
Roles of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) and protein citrullination in viral infections.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are calcium-dependent enzymes that catalyze protein citrullination, a post-translational modification implicated in both physiological processes and the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review provides a systematic overview of the PAD family's roles in viral infections, with a focus on their tissue distribution, activation mechanisms, and functional significance in host-pathogen interactions. Accumulating evidence indicates that diverse viruses have evolved to exploit specific host PAD isoforms as a strategy to subvert antiviral immunity and enhance viral replication. This review delves into the intricate interplay between viruses and the PAD family, detailing how distinct viruses selectively upregulate or hijack particular PAD isoforms to disrupt host immune defenses. We further compare the divergent strategies employed by DNA and RNA viruses in leveraging PAD-mediated citrullination and summarize the therapeutic potential of PAD inhibitors, such as GSK484 and Cl-amidine, in antiviral interventions. Additionally, demethoxycurcumin (DMC), as the only identified selective small-molecule activator of PAD2 to date, provides a valuable tool for investigating the role of PAD2-mediated citrullination in viral infection. Finally, we discuss current research limitations and propose future directions aimed at deciphering the complex virus-PAD-host axis, with the ultimate goal of informing the development of novel antiviral therapeutics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.