ArticleEndoscopy international open2026
Music in complex endoscopy: Effect of functional music on sedation requirements during endoscopic ultrasound and ERCP.
Article in Endoscopy international open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Background and study aims: Previous studies in esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy have demonstrated positive effects of music on patient anxiety and comfort. This study prospectively evaluated the effect of functional music on sedation requirements and satisfaction during complex endoscopic procedures. Patients and methods: A total of 144 patients undergoing endoscopic ultrasound or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were prospectively randomized to either a functional music group or a control group without music. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) before the procedure. Sedation depth was monitored with bispectral index (BIS) monitoring. The primary endpoint was the amount of propofol required in mg/kg/min. Secondary endpoints included patient and staff satisfaction. Results: Propofol requirements did not differ significantly between groups (music: 0.15 ± 0.05 mg/kg/min; control: 0.17 ± 0.08 mg/kg/min, Conclusions: Functional music during complex endoscopic procedures did not reduce propofol consumption but significantly improved satisfaction for both patients and staff. The findings justify implementation of music as a non-pharmacological adjunct to improve patient comfort in endoscopic suites.
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