ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026
Reactive oxygen species accelerated glycation for oxygen-independent corneal cross-linking.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The pentose-initiated Maillard reaction may serve as an oxygen-independent, non-enzymatic crosslinking (CxL) mechanism, but its slow kinetics limit clinical applicability. We hypothesize that glycation-mediated CxL can be accelerated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially enabling its use in the treatment of keratoconus. Methods: Rabbit corneal buttons were exposed to 20% ribose and irradiated with femtosecond oscillator laser pulses at 450 mW (1,069 nm) and 250 mW (400 nm). In addition to laser-based light sources, a 365 nm UVA lamp at 3 mW/cm Results: Corneal tissues subjected to ROS-glycation-CxL exhibited a significant increase in equilibrium modulus. The modulus change in ribose-exposed tissues treated with UVA light was comparable to that observed with the conventional UVA-riboflavin CxL pathway. In contrast, infrared and blue laser-treated samples showed less stiffening, likely due to the limited tissue volume affected by the laser's focal region. Notably, only the UVA-riboflavin-treated tissues demonstrated a pronounced elastic load-relaxation response. Conclusion: ROS-Glycation-CxL offers a potential alternative to existing crosslinking techniques, with crucial advantages such as reduced oxygen reliance, light-source agnostic mechanism, and customizable treatment patterns with laser light sources. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the clinical viability of ROS-glycation CxL through optimization of sugar concentration, treatment duration, and assessment of stromal extracellular matrix ultrastructure.
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