ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Effects of blended learning on physical fitness and basketball skills of male college students: a cluster randomized controlled trial.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: University represents a critical period for the cultivation of health behaviors, self-efficacy, and psychosocial development. It affects how well students do in their studies, their day-to-day life, and where they're headed in the future. However, in recent years, the physical fitness levels of Chinese university students have declined. This study investigated, through a 12-week intervention, whether a blended learning method could improve the physical fitness and basketball skills of male university students in China. Methods: A total of 69 male first-year students from Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (mean age = 18.6 ± 0.7 years; range = 18-20 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to either an experimental group (blended learning) or a control group (traditional learning) using a cluster randomized controlled trial design. The experimental group engaged in a blended learning approach, which integrated several key components. The approach included pre-class MOOC-based instructional videos, in-class differentiated skill training, and post-class online quizzes with reflective tasks. Meanwhile, the control group followed a traditional teacher-centered model. Fitness measures included body mass index (BMI), vital capacity, pull-ups, standing long jump, 50-meter sprint, and 1,000-meter run, while basketball skills were evaluated through set shot and half-court dribbling-and-shooting test. All data were analyzed with SPSS 27.0, with the significance level set at Results: Following the 12-week intervention, both learning approaches significantly enhanced overall physical fitness. Significant differences between groups favoring the experimental group were observed in pull-ups ( Conclusion: The 12-week blended learning approach enhanced the overall physical fitness of university students. Furthermore, this approach was highly effective in promoting the development of basketball skills. However, the approach showed limited effects on BMI and sprint outcomes, suggesting that blended learning may require enhanced explosive training components to address these fitness dimensions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.