ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2026
A stage-based framework to interpret regulatory T cell biology after heart transplantation.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Regulatory T cells in cardiac allograft vasculopathy: from mechanistic insights to clinical tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Regulatory T cells play a pivotal role in immune responses following heart transplantation, influencing the entire post-transplant process. This article examines Treg dynamics in a stage-specific framework and their clinical implications. In the early phase (0-30 days), dominated by injury-related sterile inflammation, Treg recruitment affects local inflammation resolution and tissue repair, potentially altering risks of early immune injury and rejection. The intermediate phase (1-6 months) features high acute cellular rejection risk with ongoing immunosuppression adjustments; Treg quantity, phenotype, and suppressive function are closely associated with the regulation of anti-donor immune responses. In the late phase (>6 months), chronic low-grade inflammation and progressive vascular remodeling predominate, where Tregs suppress persistent immune attacks but may promote fibrosis via repair pathways, exhibiting bidirectional effects. This article highlights Treg detection limitations, including
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