ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Retrospective analysis of postoperative adjuvant therapy and survival in T4 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a dual-cohort study using SEER and Chinese multicenter data.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: T4N0-3M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is traditionally considered unresectable, and definitive chemoradiotherapy remains the standard of care. Selected patients who achieve R0 resection may obtain superior survival, yet the value of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy in this setting remains undefined. Methods: We performed a retrospective dual-cohort analysis using the SEER registry ( Results: Radiotherapy (preoperative or postoperative) was independently associated with improved survival. Compared with no radiotherapy, Postoperative radiotherapy was associated with a 56% lower risk of mortality (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26-0.76, Conclusion: This study generates the hypothesis that postoperative radiotherapy may be associated with improved survival in selected T4N0-3M0 ESCC patients. These observational findings cannot establish causality. Prospective randomized trials are warranted before clinical adoption.
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