Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41987782›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in medicine2026

Hair follicle immune privilege in autoimmune and immune-mediated alopecias: paths toward reestablishing immune tolerance.

Pedram Shafiei-Jahani, Xin Li, Amitis Akbari, Emily Haniff, Melissa Ziprick, Ryan Carlisle, Carolyn Goh, Vanessa Holland, Omid Akbari

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Pedram Shafiei-JahaniDavid Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Xin LiDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Amitis AkbariDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Emily HaniffDavid Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Melissa ZiprickDavid Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Ryan CarlisleDavid Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Carolyn GohDavid Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Vanessa HollandDavid Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Omid AkbariDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.

Funding

Transcriptional and metabolomic regulation of IL-10 in pulmonary ILC2sR01AI169687 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI OMID AKBARI · 2022 to 2026
$2.1M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI169687
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autoimmune and immune-mediated alopecias demonstrate how a site-specific failure of immune privilege can produce reversible or irreversible hair loss. In alopecia areata (AA), cytotoxic injury is concentrated at the anagen bulb but preserves the stem cell pool, permitting regrowth following immune suppression. Lichen planopilaris (LPP) and frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) feature a spectrum of chronic interface dermatitis that destroys the stem cell niche, leading to permanent fibrosis. These entities overlap in bulge-targeted inflammation and histopathology but diverge in clinical distribution and demographic risk. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) of the scalp reflects immune-complex-driven complement injury to the upper follicle, whereas central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) represents a fibroblast-dominant process associated with chronic stress and is sustained by stromal remodeling. Here, we frame these entities as four follicular immune network archetypes defined by the axial locus of immune privilege collapse, effector programs, loss of tolerogenic programs, stromal trajectories, and dermoscopic correlates. Using a Network Engineering for Site-Specific Tolerance (NEST) framework, we situate these archetypes within a three-tier taxonomy comprising intrinsic follicular privilege, local tolerogenic repertoires, and stromal checkpoint circuits. Specifically, AA localizes to the anagen bulb, DLE spans the upper follicle and interfollicular epidermis, LPP/FFA targets the bulge stem cell niche, and CCCA converges on the upper follicle-interfollicular epidermis unit. Within their respective niches, AA and DLE exhibit comparatively resolved clonotypic effector modules dominated by pathogenic T cells or B cells, whereas LPP/FFA and CCCA are framed as polyclonal networks in which the failure of tolerogenic programs or stress signaling pathways constitutes the dominant archetypal engine.

Indexed as

alopecia areatacentral centrifugal cicatricial alopeciadiscoid lupus erythematosusfrontal fibrosing alopeciahair follicle immune privilegeimmune privilege collapselichen planopilarisNetwork Engineering for Site-Specific Tolerance (NEST)

Identifiers

PMID41987782
PMCPMC13076271

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.