ArticleBMC ophthalmology2026
Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting non-response to tocilizumab in thyroid eye disease: a retrospective study.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis study aims to integrate single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) parameters with other biomarkers to develop a predictive model for assessing the risk of non-response to tocilizumab (TCZ) therapy in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED).
methodsUnivariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method, and multivariate Cox regression were used to identify predictors of non-response to TCZ and construct a nomogram. The model’s performance was validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA).
resultsIn this retrospective study, 195 patients with moderate-to-severe TED who received subcutaneous TCZ were included. The nomogram included four predictors: intraocular pressure (IOP), thyroglobulin (TG) level, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of extraocular muscles (EOMs), and SUVmax of the lacrimal glands. In the training set, the model achieved 1-, 2-, and 3-month area under the ROC curve (AUC) values of 0.787 (95% CI: 0.681–0.893), 0.747 (95% CI: 0.641–0.853), and 0.834 (95% CI: 0.734–0.934), respectively. In the validation set, the corresponding AUC values were 0.761 (95% CI: 0.567–0.955), 0.799 (95% CI: 0.663–0.934), and 0.833 (95% CI: 0.655-1). Calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed probabilities, while DCA confirmed that both the nomogram and individual predictors provided varying degrees of clinical net benefit.
conclusionsThis study successfully integrated SPECT/CT parameters with other biomarkers to develop a nomogram for predicting non-response to TCZ in moderate-to-severe TED. The model, incorporating four predictive factors, may help personalize treatment strategies and improve clinical decision-making for TED patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.