ArticleBMC urology2026
Association between varicocele and hemorrhoidal disease in men presenting with groin pain: a retrospective comparative study.
Article in BMC urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the independent association between varicocele and hemorrhoidal disease in men presenting with groin pain. This study considers varicocele not merely as a localized scrotal condition, but as a potential manifestation of systemic venous insufficiency, sharing common pathophysiological mechanisms with hemorrhoidal disease, such as venous dilation and elevated pressure. MATERIALS AND
methodsBetween January 2023 and September 2025, 292 men presenting with groin pain were assessed, and 186 met the inclusion criteria. Group 1 consisted of 81 men with varicocele who underwent varicocelectomy, and Group 2 included 105 men without varicocele (controls). Beyond univariate comparisons, a multivariable logistic regression model was utilized to identify independent predictors and adjust for potential confounders, including constipation. Model stability and calibration were verified using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) analysis.
resultsThere were no significant differences between groups regarding age, height, weight, body mass index, or smoking status (p > 0.05). Hemorrhoidal disease was significantly more frequent in the varicocele group than in controls (43.2% vs. 18.0%, p = 0.016). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that hemorrhoidal disease is a strong independent predictor of varicocele presence (Adjusted OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.66–6.59; p < 0.001). Additionally, constipation was identified as a significant independent predictor (Adjusted OR: 8.39; 95% CI: 2.61–37.64; p = 0.001). The model demonstrated high reliability with no multicollinearity (VIF = 1.00) and an acceptable goodness-of-fit (p = 0.054).
conclusionHemorrhoidal disease and constipation are independently associated with varicocele, consistent with a potential link through systemic venous insufficiency. Recognizing this association may facilitate a more comprehensive clinical evaluation of patients presenting with these interconnected venous conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.