Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41986776›Full record

ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2026

Reanalysis of LUNAR progression-free survival using reconstructed individual patient data: time-varying treatment effects.

Kenji Tanabe, Soichiro Yoshida, Motohiro Fujiwara, Wei Chen, Shugo Yajima, Hiroyuki Sato, Akihiro Hirakawa, Hiroshi Fukushima, Yosuke Yasuda, Hajime Tanaka and 2 more

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Article in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Kenji TanabeDepartment of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
Soichiro YoshidaDepartment of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan. s-yoshida.uro@tmd.ac.jp.
Motohiro FujiwaraDepartment of Urology, Teikyo University Hospital, Mizonokuchi, Kanagawa, Japan.
Wei ChenDepartment of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
Shugo YajimaDepartment of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
Hiroyuki SatoDepartment of Clinical Biostatistics, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Akihiro HirakawaDepartment of Clinical Biostatistics, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Hiroshi FukushimaDepartment of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
Yosuke YasudaDepartment of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
Hajime TanakaDepartment of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
Hitoshi MasudaDepartment of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
Yasuhisa FujiiDepartment of Urology, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo assess whether treatment effects in the LUNAR trial are time-varying and to contextualize a single hazard ratio (HR) using complementary, clinically interpretable summaries of when and for how long separation is supported by available information, in a secondary methodological reassessment.

methodsIndividual patient data were reconstructed by digitalizing published progression-free survival (PFS) Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves. Proportional hazards (PH) were assessed, and treatment effects were summarized using Fleming-Harrington weighted log-rank tests, a piecewise Cox summary, and restricted mean survival time (RMST) at a priori horizons.

resultsThe reconstructed and published KM curves closely matched the trajectories, and the reconstructed Cox HR was consistent with the published HR. PH diagnostics suggested non-proportional hazards (global Schoenfeld test p = 0.001). The early-weighted Fleming-Harrington test showed the strongest separation (χ

conclusionThis reconstruction-based, hypothesis-generating reanalysis supported the primary inference of PFS benefit while suggesting time-varying effects. Weighted tests, piecewise summaries, and RMST may provide interpretable complements to a single HR. Late follow-up interpretation remains uncertain because of sparse late risk sets and events.

Indexed as

Progression-Free SurvivalHumansProportional Hazards ModelsRadiosurgeryTime Factors177Lu-PSMA radioligand therapyLUNARNon-proportional hazardsRestricted mean survival timeStereotactic body radiotherapy

Identifiers

PMID41986776

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.