ArticleScientific reports2026
Trait and state predictors of the intensity of emotions experienced in everyday dreams: a multilevel approach.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
In the dream literature, the emotional continuity hypothesis postulates that emotions in dreams are a reflection of emotions experienced in waking life. However, while between-subject bivariate correlations have been extensively investigated, the trait factors across individuals as well as the state factors within individuals that account for night-to-night variation in dream affect have been understudied. In the present study, a multilevel analysis was applied to investigate the association of waking trait- and state-variables with night-to-night variation in dream emotions (N = 130 participants; mean age = 20.57 ± 3.09). Daily sleep quality significantly predicted positive emotions in dreams. In addition, within-subject variation in daily stress and sleep quality, as well as the trait sensory processing sensitivity, significantly predicted negative emotions in dreams. Together, our results highlight the involvement of both trait and state factors in dream emotions, but also bring into focus the differential association of these factors depending on the emotional valence experienced in dreams.
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