Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41986366›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and infection elicit cross-neutralizing responses against clade 3 and 4 sarbecoviruses.

Stephen D Schmidt, Rahul Subramanian, Manjula Basappa, Robin Carroll, Megi Rexhepaj, Christine M Posavad, Jeffrey A Liao, Jennifer A Bohl, Ananda Chowdhury, Alicen B Spaulding and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Stephen D SchmidtVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Rahul SubramanianVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Manjula BasappaVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Robin CarrollVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Megi RexhepajVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Christine M PosavadInfectious Diseases Clinical Research Consortium (IDCRC) Laboratory Operations Unit, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Jeffrey A LiaoVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Jennifer A BohlVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Ananda ChowdhuryVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Alicen B SpauldingVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4687-3259
Bob C LinVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Mike CastroVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-1754
Richard A KoupVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Leonid A SerebryannyyVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. leonid.serebryannyy@nih.gov.
Daniel C DouekVaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. ddouek@mail.nih.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-8634

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Two sarbecoviruses, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 that engage ACE2 through their receptor-binding domains, have caused major human outbreaks. The pandemic potential of sarbecoviruses has prompted the discovery and classification of bat and other zoonotic sarbecoviruses that are also able to use human ACE2 or ACE2 ortholog receptors for infection. However, the current human immunological landscape reactive to these SARS-CoV-2-related viruses is not well profiled. Using a panel of pseudotyped lentiviruses expressing only spike proteins, we assess serum neutralization activity against clade 3 and 4 (also designated as clade 1c) receptor binding domain classified sarbecoviruses in a cohort who received a primary series of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines as well as individuals before and after infection with BA.5 or XBB.1.5 variants. Detectable neutralizing responses against clade 3 and 4 sarbecoviruses are observed in both vaccinees and convalescents and are comparable in magnitude to titers against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Infection with XBB.1.5 increases neutralization titers against SARS-CoV-2 variants as well as against clade 3 and 4 sarbecoviruses. Collectively, our findings suggest that the current immunologic landscape of vaccination and infection may confer some level of immunity against a variety of clade 3 and 4 sarbecoviruses, which should inform future pandemic response and pan-sarbecovirus countermeasure efforts.

Indexed as

Antibodies, NeutralizingCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesSARS-CoV-2Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2AnimalsAntibodies, ViralHumansNeutralization TestsSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVaccinationACE2 protein, humanAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2Antibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID41986366
PMCPMC13260318

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.