Temporal-Spatial Fusion Vision Hardware Enables Streamlined In-Sensor Computing for Dynamic Scenes.

Time and space constitute fundamental dimensions of physical reality, making their integrated processing crucial for advanced vision perception systems. Current visual information processing faces dual limitations: von Neumann architecture-induced data-transfer bottlenecks and spatial-feature processing often disregard temporal dynamics, while temporal analyzers oversimplify spatial complexity. Here we propose an artificial vision hardware enabling intrinsic temporal-spatial fusion through voltage-tunable temporal differentiation with microsecond-scale resolution and photoresponse-weighted spatial compression via pixel binning. The architecture achieves millisecond-level latency from sensing to decision in autonomous driving scenarios through in-sensor spatiotemporal fusion, eliminating external computing dependencies. Experimental validation demonstrates 95 % recognition accuracy in human actions database while the operation counts required is only 1/10 of conventional convolutional processing. This work facilitates physical-level spatiotemporal fusion through the co-optimization of photodetector arrays and weighted control circuits, which could fundamentally reshape machine vision architectures with potential extensions to real-time decision systems.